Fragrance Oil Supplies For Candle Making - Why Prices Vary
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People wonder why fragrance oil prices vary from supplier to supplier. Having been a supplier of high end, quality fragrances since 1999 I would like to share some of the things that I have learned.
Prices for fragrance oils can vary for many reasons. The quality of raw materials and concentration of the fragrance are two of the main reasons. Other factors are depth of fragrance, purchasing limitations of manufacturers and purchase commitments of suppliers.
Type of fragrance - some scents are just more expensive/less expensive to make. Pure and simple, some fragrances oils are made of raw materials that are just more or less expensive. Some ingredients are just more common, easier to grow, process or store. And that will result in a less expensive product. On the other hand, a rare orchid gathered directly from the Tropical Rain Forest that cannot be reproduced by machine will be extremely expensive. Even if it only gives off a very light aroma. The raw materials are outrageously expensive and thus the fragrance oil would also be prohibitively expensive.
Quality of fragrance oil raw materials - Solvents, essential oils and carrier oils are some of the things that may make up fragrance oil. Just like everything else in life there are different qualities of these raw materials. You would not expect a Yugo and a Mercedes to function the same. They both have most of the same parts-body structure, engine, breaks, steering, etc. But it is the quality of each of those components that makes the Mercedes a top quality vehicle and the Yugo, well, a thing of the past. Why should fragrance oils be any different? Take essential oils for instance; growing conditions for plants, soil composition, care and tending of plants are some basic environmental factors. And each component costs. Storage conditions of materials and shipping know-how also must be considered. You can have the best plant grown under the optimal conditions but all of that is wasted if the product is stored or shipped incorrectly.
Quality of fragrance as a whole - Fragrance oils that are made up of a fair amount of essential oils or resins give a "truer" interpretation of certain scents. Essential oils and resins are generally very expensive because of the extraction process.
It takes a lot of plant material to get a tiny bit of oil. The way to get the best scent throw from essential oils is to bind them with other carrier oils. Essential oils are generally heat unstable and will burn off very quickly without releasing their scent. That is why it is important to have them properly bound. And of course this is an added expense.
Strength of Fragrance - Some fragrances are full concentration and some are not. There is no such thing as "triple strength". It is either full concentrate (without fillers or dilatants), or it is not. If something is full strength it is impossible to make it any stronger. But, if fragrance oils are "cut" with fillers they can be made stronger because there is not as much "scent" in it to start with. For instance, if you take 1 ounce of a full strength rose and add 2 ounces of DPG (no scent) you will get 3 ounces of oil. Originally with the full strength rose you would only have needed .5oz (3%) per pound of wax to make a candle very strongly scented. But now with the cut oil you will need 1.5 ounces (9%) per pound of wax to get the SAME scent throw as you did with the uncut half ounce!!!
Depth and complexity of fragrance - Some fragrances have more than one layer or note. Really good fragrances have a top, middle and bottom or dry note. The top note is what you smell in the bottle. It is also the note that "flashes" off quickly when the candle is burning. It is the middle notes, or heart of the fragrance oil that you smell when the candle is burning. The dry down or bottom note is the extra kick that gives the throw or the lingering aroma that finishes off the whole scent experience.
Simply put, some fragrances are not as complicated and therefore cost less. Going back to our Yugo and Mercedes example-A Mercedes has a lot more bells and whistles that make it a highly sought after and expensive car. Just like a fine fragrance, a customer will always prefer a more complex scent with more of the bells and whistles.
Where as there are straight raspberry scents that only have top, middle or dry notes and are very cheap. Unlike other more rare and hard to find raspberry scents that have all three notes! The second raspberry is not just a "brick wall" of scent that you run into. The second raspberry is strong but you "ease" into the scent, enjoying every note. A much more pleasant way to experience scent.
Many times cheap scents and complex scents can smell almost identical in the bottle. Again, you smell the top notes in the bottle. You really must burn your candles to experience the real candle scent! A scent that does not smell like much in the bottle may really bloom in the wax!!! Or visa versa. I have noticed repeatedly that if a fragrance smells good in the bottle it will often times have little to no scent throw in the candle. In fact, I would even go so far as to say that fragrances that are a bit stinky in the bottle would turn out beautiful in the wax.
Stock scents verses unique scents - Most fragrances available to candle making fragrance oil distributors are stock scents. That means that a manufacturer makes them in bulk, stores and then sells them to whoever meets the minimum purchase amount. This means that there are a lot of the exact same scents out there under different names. Stock scents mean that there is no custom work, additions or tweaking done to the oils. These fragrance oils are typically made of lower priced raw materials. Some fragrances can be are tweaked, which adds a bit to the price. And some oils are custom blended from an original idea or concept, which involves a lot more time of the perfumers' time, mind and dedication. These original scent masterpieces will cost more. Think about purchasing real Monet vs. a Monet poster. Perfumers are true artists!
Purchasing volume of fragrance oil distributors - Purchasing power of large, bulk quantities is always greater then that of small orders. Suppliers that purchase only 5 or so pounds at a time pay more then other suppliers that purchase hundreds of pounds at a time. The supplier that buys more has more "negotiating power" with the manufacturers and can get better prices. It is often takes the same amount of time to make five pounds of product vs. Five hundred pounds of product. So money can be re-couped due to lower hourly wages and greater purchasing power of raw materials. Think about making 1 candle or making 10 candles of the same scent. Now think about making 10 different scented candles. Which one do you suppose takes longer? Time is money.
Mark-Up on fragrance oils - The general rule of thumb for retail sales is to double your cost. candlescience So if fragrance oils cost only $6.00 per pound to purchase it would be resold at $12.00. It is really impossible to know the mark up rules and profit margins that each company adheres. Every business must make money. That is why they sell products. It seems that there is no hard and fast rule for fragrance oil companies. Suppliers seem to set their prices at what the market will bear. I know of many suppliers that only pay $3.00 - $6.00 per pound and sell their fragrance oils for as much, or more then $20 per pound. While others suppliers purchase their oils for more then $18.00 per pound and only sell for $25 per pound. Mark-up is determined by individual company guidelines and is not standardized across the industry.
Also, fragrances that are higher quality will last longer in the bottle and the finished product. Less expensive ones tend to fade or distort over time. Cheap scents can "turn" very quickly! I hope that is article gives a bit more insight into the reasons why fragrance oil prices may seem to very drastically from one supplier to another. All fragrances are not created equal and even if two fragrances have the same name it does not mean they are even close to the same fragrance.
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